Main components of E-Bike

Charger
A charger is a device that replenishes the battery's energy. Generally, there are two charging modes: two-stage and three-stage. Two-stage charging mode: Initially, constant voltage charging is used, with the charging current gradually decreasing as the battery voltage rises. Once the battery has reached a certain level, the voltage rises to the charger's set value, at which point trickle charging begins. Three-stage charging mode: At the start of charging, constant current charging rapidly replenishes the battery's energy. As the battery voltage rises, it switches to constant voltage charging, where energy replenishes slowly, and the battery voltage continues to rise. When the charger's charging termination voltage is reached, it switches to trickle charging to maintain the battery and supply the battery with its self-discharge current.

Battery
The battery is the power source for an electric vehicle. Electric vehicles primarily use lead-acid battery packs. Nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) and lithium-ion batteries are also beginning to be used in some lightweight folding electric vehicles.

Usage Tips: The controller's main control board is the main circuit of the electric vehicle and has a large operating current, generating significant heat. Therefore, do not park the electric vehicle in direct sunlight or expose it to prolonged rain to avoid controller malfunction.

Controller
The controller is the component that controls the motor speed and is the core of the electric vehicle's electrical system. It has undervoltage, current limiting, and overcurrent protection functions. Intelligent controllers also have multiple riding modes and self-testing functions for the entire vehicle's electrical components. The controller is the core component for energy management and various control signal processing in electric vehicles.

Throttle and Brakes
The throttle and brakes are signal input components of the controller. The throttle signal is the drive signal for the electric vehicle's motor rotation. The brake signal is an electrical signal output from the internal electronic circuit of the brake lever to the controller when the electric vehicle brakes; upon receiving this signal, the controller cuts off the power supply to the motor, thus achieving the braking power-off function.

Assist Sensor
The assist sensor is a device that detects the pedaling force and return speed signal when the electric vehicle is in assist mode. The controller automatically matches human power and electric power based on the electric drive power to jointly drive the rotation of the electric vehicle. The most trendy assist sensor is the bottom-axis dual-sided torque sensor, which is characterized by its ability to collect pedaling force from both sides and uses a non-contact electromagnetic signal acquisition method, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of signal acquisition.